正确保护发电机很重要

　　Proper protection of the generator is crucial

　　如何正确的保护发电机对于发电机可能发生的故障和不正常工作状态,应根据发电机的容量有选择地装设以下保护。

　　How to correctly protect the generator from possible faults and abnormal working conditions? The following protections should be selectively installed according to the capacity of the generator.

　　(1)纵联差动保护:为定子绕组及其引出线的相间短路保护。

　　(1) Longitudinal differential protection: It is a phase to phase short circuit protection for the stator winding and its outgoing lines.

　　(2)横联差动保护:为定子绕组一相匝间短路保护。只有当一相定子绕组有两个及以上并联分支而构成两个或三个中性点引出端时,才装设该种保护。

　　(2) Horizontal differential protection: It is used for short circuit protection between one phase and one turn of the stator winding. This type of protection is only installed when a phase stator winding has two or more parallel branches forming two or three neutral point terminals.

　　(3)单相接地保护:为发电机定子绕组的单相接地保护。

　　(3) Single phase grounding protection: provides single-phase grounding protection for the stator winding of the generator.

　　(4)励磁回路接地保护:为励磁回路的接地故障保护。

　　(4) Excitation circuit grounding protection: provides grounding fault protection for the excitation circuit.

　　(5)低励、失磁保护:为防止大型发电机低励(励磁电流低于静稳限所对应的励磁电流)或失去励磁(励磁电流为零)后,从系统中吸收大量无功功率而对系统产生不利影响,100MW及以上容量的发电机都装设这种保护。

　　(5) Low excitation and demagnetization protection: To prevent large generators from absorbing a large amount of reactive power from the system and causing adverse effects after low excitation (excitation current below the static stability limit) or loss of excitation (excitation current is zero), generators with a capacity of 100MW and above are equipped with this protection.

　　(6)过负荷保护:发电机长时间超过额定负荷运行时作用于信号的保护。中小型发电机只装设定子过负荷保护;大型发电机应分别装设定子过负荷和励磁绕组过负荷保护。

　　(6) Overload protection: The protection applied to the signal when the generator operates beyond its rated load for a long time. Small and medium-sized generators are only equipped with set sub overload protection; Large generators should be equipped with stator overload and excitation winding overload protection separately.

　　(7)定子绕组过电流保护:当发电机纵差保护范围外发生短路,而短路元件的保护或断路器拒绝动作,这种保护作为外部短路的后备,也兼作纵差保护的后备保护。

　　(7) Stator winding overcurrent protection: When a short circuit occurs outside the longitudinal differential protection range of the generator, and the protection of the short-circuit component or the circuit breaker refuses to operate, this protection serves as a backup for external short circuits and also serves as a backup for longitudinal differential protection.

　　?(8)定子绕组过电压保护:用于防止突然甩去全部负荷后引起定子绕组过电压,水轮发电机和大型汽轮发电机都装设过电压保护,中小型汽轮发电机通常不装设过电压保护。

　　(8) Stator winding overvoltage protection: used to prevent stator winding overvoltage caused by sudden shedding of all loads. Both hydro generators and large steam turbine generators are equipped with overvoltage protection, while small and medium-sized steam turbine generators usually do not have overvoltage protection.

　　(9)负序电流保护:电力系统发生不对称短路或者三相负荷不对称(如电气机车、电弧炉等单相负荷的比重太大)时,会使转子端部、护环内表面等电流密度很大的部位过热,造成转子的局部灼伤,因此应装设负序电流保护。

　　(9) Negative sequence current protection: When an asymmetric short circuit or three-phase load asymmetry occurs in the power system (such as in electric locomotives, arc furnaces, etc. where the proportion of single-phase loads is too high), it can cause overheating in areas with high current density such as the rotor end and the inner surface of the protective ring, resulting in local burns to the rotor. Therefore, negative sequence current protection should be installed.

　　(10)失步保护:反应大型榴莲视频在线观看污与系统振荡过程的失步保护。

　　(10) Out of step protection: It reflects the out of step protection of large generator sets and system oscillation processes.

　　(11)逆功率保护:当汽轮机主汽门误关闭,或机炉保护动作关闭主汽门而发电机出口断路器未跳闸时,从电力系统吸收有功功率而造成汽轮机事故,故大型机组要装设用逆功率继电器构成的逆功率保护,用于保护汽轮机。

　　(11) Reverse power protection: When the main steam valve of the steam turbine is mistakenly closed, or when the boiler protection action closes the main steam valve but the generator outlet circuit breaker does not trip, it absorbs active power from the power system and causes a steam turbine accident. Therefore, large units need to install reverse power protection composed of reverse power relays to protect the steam turbine.

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